O LITTLE TOWN OF BETHLEHEM

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 1868

Origin and Author


Text: Written by Phillips Brooks, an Episcopal priest in the United States.


Date: Around 1868–1869.


Context: Brooks wrote the lyrics after visiting Bethlehem during a trip to the Holy Land. He was deeply moved by the humble town and the story of the birth of Jesus, which inspired the serene, reflective tone of the hymn.


Musical Setting


Famous Tune (U.S.): Named “St. Louis”, composed by Lewis H. Redner, the organist at Phillips Brooks’ church in Philadelphia.


Composition Story: Brooks asked Redner to create a tune for his poem for the Christmas Eve service in 1868. Redner reportedly composed the melody on Christmas Eve itself, improvising it on the organ.


Alternative Tune (U.K.): Known as “Forest Green”, an English folk melody arranged by Ralph Vaughan Williams, published in 1916.


Publication


The hymn was first published in 1871 in the Episcopal Church hymnal in the United States. Over time, it became widely popular in both America and the United Kingdom.


Significance and Themes


Themes: Peace, humility, reverence, and the quiet wonder of Christ’s birth.


Tone: Gentle, contemplative, and meditative, reflecting the calm of Bethlehem at night.


Usage: It is a staple of Christmas services, particularly in churches and carol concerts.


Fun Fact


The hymn’s lyric “O little town of Bethlehem, how still we see thee lie” captures the peaceful vision Brooks saw during his visit, rather than the bustling historical reality of Bethlehem. It’s a blend of historical reflection and poetic imagination.

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